Johann Christoph Gottsched

1700 (Königsberg, Prussia, now Kaliningrad, Russia) – 1766 (Leipzig)

Gottsched tried strenuously to elevate German literary culture to the level of the French. He met Goethe when he went to study in Leipzig, where Grimm studied under him and Boswell visited him. Luise sent him some of her work, they corresponded, they married. He was one of Haller’s numerous correspondents, and among the group who met at Ziegler’s house; he encouraged her to publish her poetry. Bach (also based in Leipzig) set some of his verses to music, though found himself reprimanded by church authorities for assuming a responsibility. It’s thought Bach altered some words, without Gottsched objecting.

Joe Brainard

1942 (Salem, Ark.) – 1994 (New York)

Padgett, a lasting friend from schooldays, wrote a memoir following Brainard’s death. Berrigan, also met in his hometown, shared a New York storefront apartment with him. Porter (one of his idols — Katz was another), Waldman and Burckhardt met him soon after his re-arrival in New York. Rivers helped him break through. Guest, Koch and Schuyler were among the poets he associated and collaborated with. He did set-designs for Baraka and O’Hara. He said O’Hara, with whom he collaborated energetically, was his hero, because he lived life uninhibitedly. Ashbery called him one of the nicest people he’d ever known.

Johann Adam Hiller

1728 (Wendisch-Ossig, Austria, now Osiek Łužycki, Poland) – 1804 (Leipzig, Germany)

Hiller collaborated with the poet Weisse to establish German singspiel. Neefe performed in concerts arranged by Hiller in Leipzig, where Wolf was one of Hiller’s students. Hiller knew Hasse, was an enthusiastic promoter of his music, and composed a lament on Hasse’s death.

Joaquín Torres García

Joaquín Torres-García

1874 (Montevideo) – 1949 (Montevideo)

Picasso and Gonzalez were among the Els Quatre Gats bohemian set he was involved with in Barcelona (he had grown up nearby). He helped Gaudí with stained-glass windows in Palma and Barcelona. Huidobro wrote about him, and Miró visited him to show him his paintings. Picasso, Lipchitz, Arp and Mondrian were among his lasting acquaintances and friends; Van Doesburg became a great friend and collaborator; Hélion another collaborator. Varèse, Duchamp and Stella were among acquaintances when he moved to New York. He sent his children to study with his colleague Ozenfant. His legacy is in the flourishing of S. American constructivism.

Jean-Jacques Rousseau

1712 (Geneva) – 1778 (Ermenonville, France)

He contributed to Diderot and d’Alembert’s Encyclopédie, visited Diderot in prison, but belligerently fell out with them and d’Holbach. He and Voltaire antagonised each other, Voltaire accusing him of using his cleverness “to make us all look stupid.” Casanova visited him on a pretext, making fun of his eccentricity on the way home. Hume invited Rousseau to Britain during his self-imposed exile from Switzerland, but he soon accused Hume of plotting against him. Fuseli admired and met him but eventually broke with his ideas, while Ramsay painted him wearing his favourite fur-trimmed ‘Armenian’ outfit.

Jean-François Marmontel

1723 (Bort-les-Orges, France) – 1799 (Saint-Aubin-sur-Gaillon)

Marmontel, whose neighbour was Jefferson, wrote articles on literature for Diderot and d’Alembert’s Encyclopédie that are still highly regarded. He wrote to Voltaire after an early literary rebuff, starting a friendship of 35 years. Voltaire expressed his anger at the banning of Marmontel’s play ‘Bélisaire’ for its religious liberalism. He was a frequent guest of d’Épinay, a student of Quesnay’s in his writing workshop, and having met Rameau, wrote four operatic libretti for him.

Jean Metzinger

1883 (Nantes, France) – 1956 (Paris)

Leiris was a school-mate. Jacob, Apollinaire and especially Delaunay were good friends: meeting Jacob led him to Apollinaire, and then Picasso and Braque. Léger, Delaunay, Gleizes and he presented the first organised show of overtly cubist work. He joined Gris (met through Duchamp and Villon’s Puteaux group) and Lipchitz to avoid Paris bombardments towards the end of WWI; Rivera, Cendrars and Reverdy were among a circle of friends following the war. Popova was one of his students, and Gleizes his co-author on the first major study of cubism.

Jean Duvignaud

1921 (La Rochelle, France) – 2007 (La Rochelle)

Duvignaud taught Perec at school, and encouraged him in his writing. Perec later became, along with Virilio, Duvignaud’s main collaborator on the review ‘Cause Commune.’ Barthes had founded the journal ‘Théâtre populaire’ with him, subsequently working with him on another, ‘Arguments.’

Jean Cocteau

1889 (Maisons-Lafitte, France) – 1963 (Milly-la-Forêt)

Cocteau’s ballet for Diaghilev had music from Satie and designs from Picasso, who disparaged him as “the tail of my comet.” Honegger, a close friend, wrote music for his adaptation of ‘Antigone’, Chanel doing the costumes. He collaborated with Stravinsky and Richter, offered Miller a part in a film (becoming close friends), turned Trocchi on to opiates, made Radiguet his protégé, and associated with Milhaud, Auric, Taillefer, Durey and Poulenc as well as Honegger (the charge is that he wanted to lead a movement). Piaf, a beloved friend for whom he wrote a play, poignantly died just hours before him.

James Fenimore Cooper

1789 (Burlington, N.J.) – 1851 (Cooperstown, N.Y.)

Cooper, his wife and daughter are all represented in Morse’s best-known painting, ‘The Gallery at the Louvre.’ They’d been friends for a decade, Morse being a member of Cooper’s Bread and Cheese Club in New York, and Cooper’s daughter taking drawing lessons from Morse. Cooper befriended Scott (whose work had been a strong influence) when in Europe around 1830. Somerville had found him touchy in London, but warmed to him in Paris. Da Ponte (towards the end of his life, now in America) became an acquaintance of Cooper and other American literary figures.