Pasteur liked his colleague Chamberland partly because they came from the same Jura stock. Working with Pasteur for over 20 years, he was responsible for several important developments in bacteriology and immunology, working for example with Roux on anthrax and rabies. He and Roux (as well as Duclaux) both worked closely with Pasteur, who insisted that the two also be honoured when he was awarded the Légion d’Honneur. Chamberland was sent to Vienna to confront Pasteur’s rival Koch, and made important contributions to laboratory technique as well as to scientific understanding.